/* ============================================================
   资源重配置学派 (Resource Reallocation School) — 学术展示网站
   Academic stylesheet — serif, muted palette, bilingual friendly
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  --color-bg: #f7f4ec;
  --color-bg-paper: #fffdf8;
  --color-bg-alt: #efeadd;
  --color-primary: #1f3a5f;
  --color-primary-dark: #142943;
  --color-secondary: #7a1f2b;
  --color-secondary-light: #a94454;
  --color-gold: #a9822f;
  --color-text: #262421;
  --color-muted: #6b6558;
  --color-border: #ddd4bd;
  --color-border-strong: #c7bb9a;
  --shadow-soft: 0 4px 18px rgba(31, 58, 95, 0.08);
  --shadow-med: 0 8px 28px rgba(31, 58, 95, 0.14);
  --radius: 6px;
  --font-serif: "Noto Serif SC", "Source Han Serif SC", "Playfair Display", "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-display: "Playfair Display", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  --max-width: 1120px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  line-height: 1.85;
  font-size: 17px;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

/* ---------- language toggle visibility ---------- */
body.lang-zh [data-lang="en"] { display: none; }
body.lang-en [data-lang="zh"] { display: none; }
body.lang-zh [lang="en"] { display: none; }
body.lang-en [lang="zh"] { display: none; }

.container {
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

a { color: var(--color-primary); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--color-secondary); }

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 0.6em;
}

p { margin: 0 0 1.1em; }

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}

/* ---------- title + author block (paper.html hero) ---------- */
.title-author-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 28px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.title-author-row .title-col {
  flex: 1 1 480px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.author-card {
  flex: 0 0 280px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 14px 16px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.author-card-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
}
.author-photo-wrap {
  position: relative;
  width: 68px;
  height: 68px;
  flex: 0 0 68px;
}
.author-photo {
  width: 68px;
  height: 68px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-gold);
}
.author-photo-fallback {
  display: none;
  width: 68px;
  height: 68px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-gold);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  color: var(--color-primary);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}
.author-meta { min-width: 0; }
.author-name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin: 0 0 2px;
}
.author-role {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  margin: 0 0 4px;
}
.author-dob {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 0;
}
.author-contact {
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--color-border);
  padding-top: 10px;
}
.author-contact p {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--color-text);
  word-break: break-all;
}
.author-contact p i {
  color: var(--color-gold);
  width: 14px;
  margin-right: 4px;
}
.author-contact a { color: var(--color-primary); }
.author-contact a:hover { color: var(--color-secondary); }

.author-coverletter {
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--color-border);
  padding-top: 10px;
}
.author-coverletter h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.author-coverletter-text {
  max-height: 260px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--color-text);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
}
.author-coverletter-text p { margin: 0 0 0.7em; }
.author-coverletter-note {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  font-style: italic;
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .title-author-row { flex-direction: column; }
  .author-card { flex: 1 1 auto; width: 100%; }
}

/* ---------- header / nav ---------- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(247, 244, 236, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px 18px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Order-based layout: brand + language selector always share the first row
   (the language control is pinned top-right via margin-left:auto on
   .lang-select-wrap, the last item on that row); the nav bar is forced onto
   its own full-width row beneath via order:4 + flex:1 1 100%, so the
   language selector can never be pushed down/left by wrapping nav links at
   any viewport width. */
.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  order: 1;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand:hover { color: var(--color-secondary); }

.lang-select-wrap {
  order: 3;
  margin-left: auto;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  position: relative;
}

.site-nav {
  order: 4;
  flex: 1 1 100%;
}

.brand-mark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand-text {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.nav-toggle {
  order: 2;
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 8px 12px;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.site-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.site-nav a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a.active {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

.site-nav a.nav-cta {
  background: var(--color-secondary);
  color: #fff;
}
.site-nav a.nav-cta:hover { background: var(--color-secondary-light); }

.lang-toggle-btn {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 7px 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: all .2s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.lang-toggle-btn:hover {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

/* ---------- multi-language selector (35 languages) ---------- */
.lang-select-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 7px 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  transition: all .2s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.lang-select-btn:hover,
.lang-select-btn[aria-expanded="true"] {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
}
.lang-select-btn .lang-select-code {
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.lang-select-btn i.fa-chevron-down {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  transition: transform .2s ease;
}
.lang-select-btn[aria-expanded="true"] i.fa-chevron-down {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.lang-select-menu {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 8px);
  right: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper, #fffdf8);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-med, 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.15));
  padding: 8px;
  max-height: 60vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  width: 300px;
}
.lang-select-menu.open { display: block; }
.lang-select-menu ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2px;
}
.lang-select-menu li { margin: 0; }
.lang-select-menu button {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 6px;
  text-align: left;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 6px 8px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.lang-select-menu button:hover,
.lang-select-menu button:focus-visible {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
}
.lang-select-menu button.active {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
}
.lang-select-menu button.active:hover { color: #fff; }
.lang-select-menu .lang-native {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.lang-select-menu .lang-code-tag {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.lang-select-menu button:hover .lang-code-tag,
.lang-select-menu button:focus-visible .lang-code-tag { color: #f0e8d8; }
.lang-fallback-note {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  padding: 8px 8px 2px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin-top: 6px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .lang-select-menu { width: 260px; right: -8px; }
  .lang-select-menu ul { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ---------- hero ---------- */
.hero {
  padding: 72px 0 56px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 12%, rgba(169, 130, 47, 0.14), transparent 45%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 90%, rgba(122, 31, 43, 0.08), transparent 40%),
    var(--color-bg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 900px;
}

.hero .lede {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  max-width: 760px;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 24px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all .2s ease;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: var(--color-primary); color: #fff; }
.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}
.btn-outline:hover { background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- formula box ---------- */
.formula-box {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #f4ede0;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 34px 30px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-med);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.formula-box::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(169,130,47,.18), transparent 60%);
}
.formula-main {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.formula-main .num { border-bottom: 2px solid #f4ede0; padding: 0 10px 4px; }
.formula-main .den { padding: 4px 10px 0; display: inline-block; }
.formula-legend {
  margin-top: 18px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 22px;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #d9cfb8;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.formula-legend b { color: #f4ede0; }

/* ---------- sections / cards ---------- */
section { padding: 62px 0; }
section.alt { background: var(--color-bg-alt); }
section.dark {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #eee6d4;
}
section.dark h2, section.dark h3 { color: #fff; }

.section-head { max-width: 760px; margin-bottom: 40px; }
.section-head h2 { font-size: 2rem; }
.section-head p { color: var(--color-muted); }

.grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 24px;
}
.grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
.grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
.grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }

.card {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-med); }

.card .icon {
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.card h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.card p { color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.98rem; margin-bottom: 0; }

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  margin: 2px 6px 2px 0;
}

/* ---------- paper / article layout ---------- */
.paper-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: start;
}

.toc {
  position: sticky;
  top: 96px;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.toc h4 {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.toc ol { margin: 0; padding-left: 18px; }
.toc li { margin-bottom: 9px; }
.toc a { color: var(--color-text); }
.toc a:hover { color: var(--color-secondary); }

.article {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 46px 52px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.article h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-border);
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  margin-top: 2.2em;
}
.article h2:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; }
.article h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--color-secondary); }

.abstract-box {
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-secondary);
  padding: 22px 26px;
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}
.abstract-box h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
}
.keywords { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-muted); margin-top: 14px; }

blockquote {
  margin: 24px 0;
  padding: 16px 22px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-gold);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
}

.ref-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.ref-list li {
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--color-border);
}

/* ---------- tables ---------- */
.table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft); }
table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  min-width: 760px;
}
thead th {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
}
tbody th {
  text-align: left;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
tbody td {
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  vertical-align: top;
}
tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.highlight-col { background: rgba(122,31,43,0.05); }

/* ---------- glossary ---------- */
.glossary-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 26px 0;
}
.glossary-item:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.glossary-term {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.glossary-term .symbol {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.glossary-term h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.25rem; }
.glossary-item p { color: var(--color-muted); margin-bottom: 8px; }

/* ---------- dimension visuals ---------- */
.dim-card {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.dim-card header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.dim-card .dim-index {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-gold);
}
.dim-card ul { padding-left: 20px; margin: 12px 0 0; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.93rem;}
.dim-card ul li { margin-bottom: 6px; }

.chart-card {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.chart-card .chart-note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--color-border);
  padding-top: 12px;
}
.chart-container { position: relative; height: 360px; }
.chart-container.small { height: 260px; }

/* ---------- calculator ---------- */
.calc-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: start;
}
.calc-panel {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.calc-field { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.calc-field label {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}
.calc-field .field-value {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.calc-field .field-desc {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: 6px;
}
input[type="range"] {
  width: 100%;
  accent-color: var(--color-secondary);
  height: 6px;
}
.calc-result {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 30px 20px;
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.calc-result .value {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #f4ede0;
}
.calc-result .band {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.band-low { background: #6b2530; color: #fff; }
.band-mid { background: var(--color-gold); color: #33270a; }
.band-high { background: #2f6b4f; color: #fff; }

.disclaimer {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 14px 18px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

/* ---------- data explorer (database page) ---------- */
.data-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.data-toolbar .search-box {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 220px;
}
.data-toolbar .search-box i {
  position: absolute;
  left: 14px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.data-toolbar input[type="text"] {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px 14px 10px 38px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.data-toolbar input[type="text"]:focus { outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary); }

.data-toolbar select {
  padding: 9px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--color-text);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.data-count {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

table.sortable thead th {
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  position: relative;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
table.sortable thead th .sort-icon {
  margin-left: 6px;
  opacity: 0.6;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}
table.sortable thead th.sorted-asc .sort-icon::before { content: "\f0de"; font-family: "Font Awesome 6 Free"; font-weight:900; }
table.sortable thead th.sorted-desc .sort-icon::before { content: "\f0dd"; font-family: "Font Awesome 6 Free"; font-weight:900; }

.re-pill {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #fff;
}
.re-pill.low { background: var(--color-secondary); }
.re-pill.mid { background: var(--color-gold); color: #33270a; }
.re-pill.high { background: #2f6b4f; }

.row-country-btn {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.row-country-btn:hover { background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; }

.selection-tray {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 18px 0;
  min-height: 36px;
}
.selection-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 6px 8px 6px 14px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.selection-chip button {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
  border: none;
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  line-height: 1;
}
.data-empty-hint {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

.methodology-note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-gold);
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  margin: 18px 0;
}

/* ---------- weighted aggregation panel (calculator upgrade) ---------- */
.mode-switch {
  display: inline-flex;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  border-radius: 999px;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}
.mode-switch button {
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  padding: 9px 18px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.mode-switch button.active { background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; }

.weight-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
}
.mini-field { margin-bottom: 16px; }
.mini-field label {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.mini-field .mini-value { color: var(--color-secondary); font-family: var(--font-display); }
.mini-field input[type="range"] { height: 5px; }

.country-select-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.country-select-row select {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 180px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  background: var(--color-bg);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
}

/* ---------- formal model formulas ---------- */
.formula-stack {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
  margin: 28px 0;
}
.formula-item {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  padding: 20px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.formula-item .formula-tag {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  display: block;
}
.formula-item .formula-expr {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.formula-item .formula-note {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 0;
}
.formula-item sub, .formula-item sup { font-size: 0.7em; }

/* ---------- leaderboard ---------- */
.leaderboard-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.leaderboard-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
}
.leaderboard-item:first-child { border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; }
.leaderboard-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius); }
.leaderboard-rank {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 900;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--color-gold);
  width: 34px;
  text-align: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.leaderboard-item:nth-child(1) .leaderboard-rank { color: #a9822f; }
.leaderboard-item:nth-child(2) .leaderboard-rank { color: #8a8a8a; }
.leaderboard-item:nth-child(3) .leaderboard-rank { color: #a56b3d; }
.leaderboard-name { flex: 1; font-weight: 700; color: var(--color-primary-dark); }
.leaderboard-bar-track {
  flex: 2;
  height: 10px;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-radius: 999px;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-width: 80px;
}
.leaderboard-bar-fill {
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--color-primary), var(--color-secondary));
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.leaderboard-value {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  width: 56px;
  text-align: right;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* ---------- FAQ accordion ---------- */
.faq-item {
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.faq-question {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.faq-question .faq-icon { transition: transform 0.25s ease; color: var(--color-secondary); }
.faq-item.open .faq-question .faq-icon { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.faq-answer {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
  padding: 0 20px;
}
.faq-item.open .faq-answer { padding-bottom: 18px; }
.faq-answer p { color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.95rem; margin: 0; }

/* ---------- BibTeX / citation box ---------- */
.citation-box {
  background: #1a1a1a;
  color: #d4d4d4;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 22px;
  font-family: "Courier New", monospace;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: auto;
  position: relative;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}
.citation-copy-btn {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12px;
  right: 12px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
  border: none;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.citation-copy-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25); }

/* ---------- CSV / export & filter controls ---------- */
.export-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.export-btn:hover { background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; }

.year-toggle-group {
  display: inline-flex;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
  border-radius: 999px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.year-toggle-group button {
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  padding: 8px 16px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.year-toggle-group button.active { background: var(--color-primary-dark); color: #fff; }

.trend-legend-hint {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: 6px;
}

/* ---------- manuscript.html: figures ---------- */
.ms-figure {
  margin: 30px 0 34px;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 20px 16px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  text-align: center;
}
.ms-figure img {
  max-width: 100%;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin: 0 auto 12px;
}
.ms-figure figcaption {
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.ms-figure figcaption .fig-label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ms-figure figcaption .fig-notes { display: block; margin-top: 4px; }
.ms-figure figcaption .fig-notes strong { color: var(--color-text); }

/* ---------- manuscript.html: pending-content notice ---------- */
.manuscript-notice {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: #fff8e6;
  border: 1px solid #e0c26e;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 16px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.manuscript-notice i {
  color: var(--color-gold);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.manuscript-notice p {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  color: var(--color-text);
}
.manuscript-pending-block {
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border: 1px dashed var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

/* ---------- app.html: mobile app shell ---------- */
.app-shell {
  max-width: 420px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border-radius: 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-med);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.app-topbar {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, var(--color-primary-dark) 100%);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 22px 20px 26px;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
}
.app-topbar img {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  margin: 0 auto 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.app-topbar h1 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin: 0 0 4px;
}
.app-topbar p {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.app-install-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: var(--color-gold);
  color: #1a1400;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.app-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 20px;
}
.app-tile {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 18px 10px;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.app-tile:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft); }
.app-tile i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
}
.app-tile span {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}
.app-widget {
  margin: 0 20px 20px;
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
}
.app-widget h4 {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--color-secondary);
}
.app-quickcalc-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.app-quickcalc-row label { font-size: 0.78rem; flex: 0 0 90px; color: var(--color-muted); }
.app-quickcalc-row input[type="range"] { flex: 1; }
.app-quickcalc-row .val { font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; width: 30px; text-align: right; }
.app-re-display {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0 4px;
}
.app-re-display .re-num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}
.app-re-display .re-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.app-bottom-nav {
  display: flex;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
}
.app-bottom-nav a {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 3px;
  padding: 12px 4px 14px;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.app-bottom-nav a.active { color: var(--color-primary); }
.app-bottom-nav a i { font-size: 1.05rem; }

/* ---------- back to top ---------- */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 28px;
  right: 28px;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-med);
  z-index: 90;
}
.back-to-top.visible { display: flex; }

/* ---------- print styles ---------- */
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .nav-toggle, .lang-toggle-btn, .lang-select-wrap,
  .hero-actions, .back-to-top, .mode-switch, .data-toolbar,
  .country-select-row, #weightedModeSection, .btn { display: none !important; }
  body { background: #fff; font-size: 12pt; color: #000; }
  .article { box-shadow: none; border: none; padding: 0; }
  .paper-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .toc { display: none; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; }
  section { padding: 12px 0; }
}

/* ---------- footer ---------- */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--color-primary-dark);
  color: #cdbfa0;
  padding: 40px 0;
  margin-top: 40px;
}
.footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}
.footer-inner a { color: #e8dcc0; }

/* ---------- misc ---------- */
.divider {
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--color-border);
  margin: 50px 0;
}

.badge-flow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 30px 0;
}
.badge-flow .node {
  background: var(--color-bg-paper);
  border: 2px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 14px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  min-width: 140px;
}
.badge-flow .node small {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.badge-flow .arrow { color: var(--color-secondary); font-size: 1.3rem; }

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .paper-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .toc { position: static; margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .article { padding: 32px 24px; }
  .calc-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; }
  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    order: 4;
  }
  .site-nav.open { display: block; }
  .site-nav ul { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; }
  .site-nav a { display: block; text-align: center; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
  .formula-main { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article { padding: 26px 18px; }
}